Single Page Application (SPA)
A single page application (SPA) is a web application that loads one HTML page and then updates the content with JavaScript as the user moves around, instead of loading a new page from the server for every click. Data is fetched in the background from APIs, so the app feels fast and smooth, like a desktop or mobile app.
Gmail, Google Maps and many dashboards are SPAs, usually built with frameworks such as React, Angular or Vue. The trade-offs are a slower first load, extra work for search engine optimisation and browser history handling. A multi-page application (MPA) loads a fresh page from the server for each view.